VIP — Overview

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) is a 28‑amino‑acid neuropeptide belonging to the secretin/glucagon superfamily. It is widely distributed throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, gastrointestinal tract, and immune tissues, and is known for its potent vasodilatory, anti‑inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties.

Biological Role & Mechanism

VIP functions as both a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, acting on three primary receptors:

• VPAC1
• VPAC2
• PAC1

These receptors activate cAMP‑mediated signaling pathways, influencing smooth muscle relaxation, epithelial secretion, immune cell behavior, and blood flow regulation.

VIP is released from nerve terminals and acts locally as a neurohormone and paracrine mediator, coordinating responses across multiple organ systems.

Key Research Characteristics

Research Applications

VIP is commonly studied in models involving:

• Inflammation and immune modulation
• Respiratory pathways (e.g., asthma, COPD)
• Neuroprotection and neurodegenerative research
• Gastrointestinal motility and secretion
• Circadian rhythm regulation

Its extremely short plasma half‑life makes it a valuable model for studying rapid‑acting neuropeptides and peptide stability.

Form & Handling (Research Context)

• Form: Lyophilized powder
• Storage: 2–8°C refrigerated; protect from light
• Stability: Very short once reconstituted (minutes)

For laboratory research only. Not for human consumption.